Printed fabrics by yard

Historical development

According to historical records, this printing technique has existed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it was called "clip" at that time. By the time of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, this craft had already been on a considerable scale. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the technology became more perfect, and it was able to produce high-end products such as "five-color clip valerian skirt", and invented adding a screen to the hollow plate to solve the difficulty of printing a closed circle pattern. In the Song Dynasty, the production of valerian printing had been specialized, and printed fabrics were very popular. It was introduced to Japan in the Sui and Tang Dynasties; after the Song Dynasty, with the development of maritime traffic, it was gradually brought to Western European countries. On the eve of liberation, roller printing and "paste printing" were used. After the liberation, printing technology and production have been greatly developed, and mechanized production such as lithographic screen printing and rotary screen printing have been developed successively. The printing process has been continuously improved, and the appearance and internal quality of the fabric have been greatly improved. Three, one of the traditional decoration techniques of ceramics. Refers to the use of an impression engraved with decorative patterns to print patterns on a carcass that has not yet dried. Impression molds were used earlier in our country, and hard pottery with printed patterns appeared in Jiangnan during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period; the patterns on the body were printed during the manufacturing process, which was different from the purely decorative patterns in the later period. In the Sui Dynasty, separate impressions were used to piece together decorative patterns, that is, to arrange two impressions alternately. In the Song Dynasty, a complete pottery model with plate and bowl printing appeared, that is, the perfect composition of the pattern was printed on the plate and bowl in the process of repairing the mold, so that the printing decoration reached a mature stage; the Ding kiln printing was the representative of the highest level in the Song Dynasty.

Printing method

There are many ways to print patterns on fabrics with dyes or paints, but the main methods are as follows.

(1) Direct printing

The method of directly printing flower-shaped patterns of various colors on the fabric is direct printing. During the printing process, the color pastes of various colors do not hinder and destroy. About 80%-90% of printed fabrics use this method. This method can be used to print white ground flowers and ground flowers patterns.

(2) Discharge printing

Fabrics dyed with ground color are printed with color paddles that contain chemicals that can destroy ground color. Such chemicals are called discharge agents. Dyes that are resistant to chemicals can also be added to the discharge paddle. Such discharge printing can achieve two effects, namely white discharge and color discharge.

(3) Anti-dye printing

First, print an anti-dyeing agent that can prevent dyes from being dyed on the fabric, and then pad dye the ground color. The printed pattern can prevent the ground color from being dyed. This method is anti-dye printing. This method can achieve three effects, namely Anti-white, color and partial anti-dyeing.

(4) Pigment printing

The production of printed cloth with paint has been so widespread that it has begun to be used as an independent printing method. Pigment printing is direct printing with paint. This process is usually called dry printing to distinguish it from wet printing (or dye printing). By comparing the hardness difference between printed and unprinted parts on the same fabric, pigment printing and dye printing can be distinguished. The pigment-printed area feels a little harder than the unprinted area, and may be thicker. If the fabric is printed with dyes, there is no obvious difference in hardness between the printed part and the unprinted part.Dark pigment printing is better than light or light color. It feels harder. More lack of flexibility. When checking a piece of pigment printed fabric (what is a printed fabric). Make sure to check all colors. Because on the same piece of fabric. May contain both dye and paint. Coating printing is the cheapest printing method in printing production, because the printing of coatings is relatively simple. The process required is the least. Steaming and washing are usually not required. The paint has bright and rich colors and can be used for all textile fibers. And its light fastness and dry cleaning fastness are good. It can even be called excellent. Therefore, it is widely used in decorative fabrics, curtain fabrics and clothing fabrics that require dry cleaning. In addition. Coatings hardly produce large color differences on fabrics of different batches. Moreover, the coverage of the background color during overprinting is also very good. With continuous washing or dry cleaning. Pigment printing will gradually fade. The color is getting lighter and lighter. This is caused by the gradual shedding of the resin binder due to the constant rotation and stirring during the cleaning process. Generally after 20 to 30 times of cleaning. The coated printed cloth will show obvious color fading. The color fastness is improved due to the application of resin and silicon softener to the fabric in the finishing process. It is worth noting that dark colors fade more easily than light or light colors. The coating is not particularly wear-resistant. Especially dark colors. Dark paint should be especially avoided in furniture and upholstery fabrics.

(5) Transfer printing

Transfer printing paper is a new type of industrial paper. It is mainly used in the printing process of textiles. First, various patterns, patterns and colors are printed on the transfer paper with sublimation-based disperse dye inks, and then the pattern and pattern-printed transfer paper is in close contact with the fabric. In the case of controlling a certain temperature, pressure and time. The dye is transferred from the printed paper to the fabric. Then it enters the interior of the fabric through diffusion. So as to achieve the purpose of coloring.

Compared with the traditional printing and dyeing process. Transfer printing paper printing has obvious advantages: the printing pattern is realistic, the pattern is detailed, the level is clear, and the three-dimensional feeling is strong. Can print natural scenery and artistic patterns: due to the use of dry processing. No washing, steaming, drying and other processes are required. No exhaust gas and waste water are discharged. No environmental pollution problems; multi-color can be transferred at once. high productivity. Small footprint and low investment. Currently. Transfer printing paper has been applied to more and more industries such as textile printing and dyeing. Product development in the fields of architectural decoration, tourism and advertising, leather and ceramic product printing, etc. Transfer printing in different industries. The performance requirements for transfer printing paper are different. As a result, various transfer printing papers are emerging in endlessly, and the output and consumption are also increasing rapidly. Market prospects.

(6)Digital printing

Digital printing is to input the image to the computer. The dye (dispersion) is sprayed onto the sublimation transfer paper through the software control of the digital printing machine. After high temperature and high pressure. Transfer high-precision patterns to textile fabrics. Digital printing is mainly for the production of personalized, multi-variety, small batch printing orders and the printing processing of various high-definition photo patterns on fabrics. It is possible to directly print pictures of any color on all kinds of textile fabrics. Not limited by color. Transfer printing products have the advantages of sun resistance, washing resistance, dry and wet abrasion resistance, good color fastness, strong layering, and bright colors. Digital transfer printing products are widely used in clothing, apparel, home textiles (curtains, window screens, tablecloths, shower curtains, sleeping bags, bedding, etc.), outdoor leisure products (umbrellas, luggage, gloves, awnings, beach chairs, tents, etc.), Car accessories (car seat cushions, etc.), non-woven fabrics, portrait photos, craft paintings, advertising paintings, hanging flags and other products.